Pharmacokinetics and diuretic effect of furosemide after single intravenous, oral tablet, and newly developed oral disintegrating film administration in healthy beagle dogs

Abstract Background Furosemide, a diuretic that acts on the loop of Henle, is commonly used to treat congestive heart failure in veterinary medicine. Some owners have difficulty administering oral tablet medication animal patients, which leads noncompliance, especially during long-term administration. Oral disintegrating film (ODF) has advantages easy administration via non-invasive route, rapid dissolution, and low suffocating risk. The objective this study was research pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles effect furosemide after intravenous (IV), orally uncoated (OUT), newly developed ODF healthy beagle dogs. In study, furosemide-loaded (FS-ODF) formulation five dogs were administered single dose (2 mg/kg) each route using cross-over design. Results most suitable film-forming agent sodium alginate; thus, develop an for drug No significant differences detected PK between OUT FS-ODF. blood profiles, concentration total protein significantly increased compared baseline (0 h), whereas no difference creatinine hematocrit baseline. FS-ODF resulted similar hourly urinary output initial 2 h urine specific gravity decreased group. peak times electrolyte (sodium chloride) excretion per hour 1 (FS-ODF). Conclusions These results suggest PK/PD are those Therefore, benefits ease convenience, would be helpful companion animals, such as small (< 10 kg), management failure.